CVE-2025-23161: Debian Linux

Medium severity, CVSS 5.5. EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type The access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is a low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled interrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this purpose. A spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be acquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in the same context as the pci_lock. Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with interrupts disabled. This was reported as: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Call Trace: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90 [bigeasy: reword commit message] Tested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> [kwilczynski: commit log] [bhelgaas: add back report info from https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]

Affected products

• Debian Debian Linux: version 11.0 only
• Linux Linux Kernel: before 5.15.181 (fixed in 5.15.181); from 5.16, before 6.1.135 (fixed in 6.1.135); from 6.2, before 6.6.88 (fixed in 6.6.88); from 6.7, before 6.12.24 (fixed in 6.12.24); from 6.13, before 6.13.12 (fixed in 6.13.12); from 6.14, before 6.14.3 (fixed in 6.14.3)

Published 2025-05-01. Last modified 2026-06-17.